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Forgotten Australians are the estimated 500,000 children and child migrants who experienced care in institutions or outside a home setting in Australia during the 20th century. The Australian Senate used the term specifically when reporting on its 2003–04 'Inquiry into Children in Institutional Care'.〔(''Forgotten Australians: A report on Australians who experienced institutional or out-of-home care as children'', Australian Senate Community Affairs References Committee (August 2004)– Executive Summary )〕 Children ended up in out-of-home care for a variety of reasons, mainly relating to poverty and family breakdown at a time when there was little support for families in crisis. Residential institutions run by government and non-government organisations were the standard form of out-of-home care during the first half of the 20th century. Children in institutions were sometimes placed in foster homes for short periods, weekends or during holiday periods. There was a move towards smaller group care from the 1950s and a move away from institutional care to kinship and foster care from the 1970s. Many of these children suffered from neglect and were abused physically, emotionally or sexually while in care. Survivors to this day still suffer the effects of the child abuse. The trauma experienced in care has affected care leavers negatively throughout their adult lives. Their partners and children have also felt the impact, which can then flow through to future generations. In 2009 an official Australian government apology was made to people who had grown up in the institutional system, including former child migrants to Australia. The apology was made by then Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. Some Australian state governments have funded redress schemes for adults who were abused in care. ==Who are the forgotten Australians?== The people who identify as forgotten Australians are the survivors of government policies that resulted in at least 500,000 children growing up in 'out-of-home' care in Australia in the 20th Century.〔(''Forgotten Australians: Supporting survivors of childhood institutional care in Australia'', Alliance for Forgotten Australians (AFA), Second edition June 2010 )〕 Forgotten Australians are also known as 'care leavers'.〔(Care Leavers Network of Australia: Our name )〕 Other terms for people who spent time in out-of-home care include 'homies', 'state wards' or 'wardies'.〔〔('Wardies and Homies': The Forgotten Australians, by Joanna Penglase )〕 The majority of children in care were not orphans. Many had either one or both parents still living, or other living relatives. Children spent varying amounts of time in institutions and foster care and the majority entered care at a young age. Many spent their entire childhood and youth in an orphanage or children's home.〔(Inside: Life in Children’s Homes and Institutions – Historical overview, National Museum of Australia )〕 The Australian Senate used the figure of half-a-million when reporting on its 2003–04 'Inquiry into Children in Institutional Care'.〔(Parliament of Australia: Inquiry into Children in Institutional Care )〕 The Senate's 2004 report on the inquiry began by saying that 'Upwards of, and possibly more than 500,000 Australians experienced care ... during the last century'.〔〔(Appendix 5 to the ''Forgotten Australians'' 2004 report discusses how the 500,000 figure was arrived at. )〕 The 500,000 includes 450,000-plus Australian-born, non-indigenous children, 30,000–50,000 Indigenous children from the Stolen Generations, and 7,000 Former Child Migrants from Britain, Ireland and Malta.〔(Some remarks at the Unveiling of the Memorial dedicated to the Forgotten Australians, Andrew Murray, 10 December 2010 )〕 Following a 1995 Senate inquiry into the removal of Indigenous children from their families, non-Indigenous people who had experienced out-of-home care as children called themselves the 'forgotten Australians' and lobbied for similar recognition.〔〔('Forgotten Australians' and 'Lost Innocents': child migrants and children in institutional care in Australia, Parliament of Australia background note, Coral Dow and Janet Phillips, 11 November 2009 )〕 When a Senate inquiry into child migration to Australia was being conducted in 2000–2001, the recently established Care Leavers Australia Network (CLAN) made a submission to that inquiry to raise awareness that a third and much larger group of children who had experienced care were being forgotten.〔(Inside Children's Homes forum discussion with Dr Joanna Penglase, Care Leavers Australia Network (CLAN), 14 February 2012, National Museum of Australia Audio on Demand )〕〔(CLAN submission to the child migration inquiry )〕 A third Senate inquiry was conducted in 2003–04. The Inquiry into Children in Institutional Care 'directed its inquiries primarily to those affected children who were not covered by the 2001 report ''Lost Innocents: Righting the Record'', inquiring into child migrants, and the 1997 report, ''Bringing them Home'', inquiring into Aboriginal children'.〔(''Forgotten Australians''report(August 2004) – Terms of Reference: 2 )〕 The Senate reported on the inquiry in 2004, using the term 'forgotten Australians' in the report title and stating: ... children were for many reasons hidden in institutions and forgotten by society when they were placed in care and again when they were released into the ’outside’ world. … These people who spent part or all of their childhood in an institution, children’s home or out-of-home care background have been the forgotten Australians.〔(''Forgotten Australian'' report (August 2004) – Introduction: Conduct of Senate Inquiry – Submissions: 1.16 )〕 The term ''Forgotten Australians'' now commonly refers to all Australian children, including Indigenous children and former child migrants to Australia who spent part or all of their childhoods in care during the 20th Century,〔〔(''Social Work Education Project: Curriculum Mapping for Content on Forgotten Australians'', Dr Alana Thompson (Nov 2011) )〕 particularly between 1920–1970.〔(Adoption and Forgotten Australians: Forgotten Australians, State Library of Victoria )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Forgotten Australians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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